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这些粒子叫做“夸克”，它们有六种不同的“味”，但Jaffe只着眼于最常见的夸克：“顶夸克”、“底夸克”和“奇异夸克”。 These particles are called "quarks" and they come in six different "flavors" but Jaffe only looked at the most common quarks: the 'up,' 'down' and 'strange'. | ||
在我们的宇宙中，底夸克的质量大约是顶夸克的两倍，造成中子比质子重大约0.1%。 In our universe, the down quark is about twice as heavy as the up quark, resulting in neutrons that are 0.1 percent heavier than protons. | ||
Jaffe和他的同事建立了一个类型的宇宙，其中底夸克比顶夸克轻，而质子比中子重1%。 Jaffe and his colleagues modeled one family of universes in which the down quark was lighter than the up quark, and protons were up to a percent heavier than neutrons. | ||
分别基于组夸克质量模型和流夸克质量模型，讨论了超新星核心区两味夸克物质到更稳定的三味夸克物质的相变过程。 Based on constituent quark mass and current quark mass model, the phase transition of two-flavor quark matter to more stable three-flavor quark matter in the core of supernova is studied. | ||
这次实验，第一次记录下来的是一个介子，它是由一个反美夸克（ 美夸克的反粒子）和一个上夸克（组成质子和中子的普通夸克之一）所组成。 This first recorded particle is a meson composed of an anti-beauty quark – the beauty quark's antiparticle – and an up quark – one of the two common quarks that make up protons and neutrons. | ||
那些更精细的分析并没有发现这种假设的粒子，所以，也许它因为某些原因并不会衰变成底夸克。 Those more-refined analyses have not seen the hypothetical new particle, so for some reason it must not decay into bottom quarks. | ||
研究了中子星内部从两味夸克物质到三味夸克物质的相变过程。 The phase transition of two-flavor quark matter into strange matter in the interior of a neutron star is studied. | ||
在夸克的弱相互作用基下，得到了下夸克质量矩阵的唯象约束条件。 The phenomenological constraints on the down-quark mass matrix in the weak interaction base were investigated. | ||
普通正常物质的原子内部只有上、下夸克。而其它夸克是由粒子加速器产生的。 Only the Up and Down quarks are found inside atoms of the normal matter. The other quarks are made in particle accelerators. | ||
我们之所以在地面上是因为夸克的重量。 We are on the ground because the mass of quarks. | ||
